Windows, Doors and Skylights
General
(1)This Section applies to
- (a) windows, doors and skylights separating conditioned space from unconditioned space or the exterior, and
- (b) main entrance doors.
(2)For the purpose of this Section, the term "skylight" refers to unit skylights, roof windows and tubular daylighting devices.
(3)For the purpose of this Section, the term "doors" includes glazing in doors and sidelights for doors.
Required Windows, Doors and Skylights
(1)A door shall be provided at each entrance to a dwelling unit.
(2)Main entrance doors to dwelling units shall be provided with
- (a) a door viewer or transparent glazing in the door, or
- (b) a sidelight.
(1)Minimum sizes of doorways and doors within a barrier-free path of travel shall conform to Section 9.5.
(2)The protection of window and door openings to protect persons from falling through them shall conform to Article 9.8.8.1.
(3)Properties of windows and doors within exits shall conform to Section 9.9.
(4)Windows and doors installed to provide the required means of egress from bedrooms shall conform to Subsection 9.9.10.
(5)The location and protection of windows, doors and skylights in order to control the spread of fire shall conform to Subsection 9.10.12.
(6)Doors between dwelling units and attached garages shall conform to Article 9.10.13.15.
(7)The surface flame-spread rating for doors and skylights shall conform to Article 9.10.17.1.
(8)Windows and doors installed to provide the required access to a building for firefighting purposes shall conform to Subsection 9.10.20.
(9)Windows and skylights installed to provide required non-heating season ventilation shall conform to Article 9.32.2.2.
(1)Except as required in Article 9.9.10.1. and Sentence (3), the minimum window glass areas for rooms in buildings of residential occupancy or rooms that are used for sleeping shall conform to Table 9.7.2.3.
(2)The unobstructed glass area of a door or skylight is considered equivalent to that of a window.
(3)Work areas in live/work units shall conform to Clause 3.7.2.1.(2)(a).
(4)Where rooms with different requirements for window glass area are combined as described in Sentence 9.5.1.2.(1), the more restrictive requirement shall govern.
| Location | Minimum Unobstructed Glass Area With No Electric Lighting | Minimum Unobstructed Glass Area With Electric Lighting |
|---|---|---|
| Laundry, basement recreation room, unfinished basement | 4% of area served | Windows not required |
| Water-closet room | 0.37 m² | Windows not required |
| Kitchen, kitchen space, kitchen alcove | 10% of area served | Windows not required |
| Living rooms and dining rooms | 10% of area served | 10% of area served |
| Bedrooms and other finished rooms not mentioned above | 5% of area served | 5% of area served |
Performance of Windows, Doors and Skylights
(1)Except as provided in Sentences (2) to (4), windows, doors and skylights and their components separating conditioned space from unconditioned space or the exterior shall be designed, constructed and installed so that, when in the closed position, they
- (a) resist the ingress of precipitation into interior space, (See Note A-9.7.4.2.(1))
- (b) resist wind loads,
- (c) control air leakage,
- (d) resist the ingress of insects and vermin,
- (e) where required, resist forced entry, and
- (f) are easily operable when not intended to be fixed.
(2)Skylights and their components shall be designed, constructed and installed so that, when in the closed position, they resist snow loads.
(3)Main entrance doors and their components shall be designed, constructed and installed so that, when in the closed position, they
- (a) control air leakage,
- (b) resist the ingress of insects and vermin,
- (c) resist forced entry, and
- (d) are easily operable.
(4)Storm doors, sliding doors and their components shall be designed, constructed and installed so that, when in the closed position, they
- (a) resist wind loads,
- (b) control air leakage to a minimum allowable 5 m3h/m and a maximum allowable 8.35 m3h/m,
- (c) resist the ingress of insects and vermin, and
- (d) are easily operable.
(5)Compliance with the performance requirements described in Sentences (1) to (4) shall be demonstrated by
- (a) complying with the requirements in
- (i) Subsection 9.7.4. or 9.7.5., and
- (ii) Subsection 9.7.6., or
- (b) design and construction conforming to Part 5.
(1)Windows, doors and skylights described in Clause 9.7.1.1.(1)(a) and their components shall be designed, constructed and installed to
- (a) minimize surface condensation on the warm side of the component, and (See Note A-9.7.3.2.(1)(a))
- (b) ensure comfortable conditions for occupants.
(2)Compliance with the heat transfer performance requirements described in Sentence (1) shall be demonstrated by
- (a) complying with the requirements in Article 9.7.3.3., or
- (b) design and construction conforming to Part 5.
(1)Metal frames and sash of windows, doors and skylights shall incorporate a thermal break.
(2)Windows and doors described in Sentence (1) do not require a thermal break where they are installed as
- (a) vehicular access doors,
- (b) storm windows and doors, or
- (c) windows and doors that are required to have a fire-resistance rating.
(3)Windows, doors and skylights with or without storm doors or sash that are installed in buildings where the intended use of the interior space will not result in high moisture generation shall have a maximum thermal transmittance (U-value) or minimum temperature index (I) in accordance with Table 9.7.3.3.
(4)Windows, doors and skylights, with or without storm doors or sash that are installed in portions of buildings where the intended use of the interior space will result in high moisture generation shall be designed in conformance with Subsection 5.3. (See Note A-9.25.5.2.)
| Component | 2.5% January Design Temperature Between -15°C and -30°C max. U-value, W/m2K | 2.5% January Design Temperature Between -15°C and -30°C min. I | 2.5% January Design Temperature Colder than -30°C max. U-value, W/m2K | 2.5% January Design Temperature Colder than -30°C min. I |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Windows and Doors | 2.0 | 25 | 1.7 | 29 |
| Skylights | 3.0 | 2.7 |
Manufactured Windows, Doors and Skylights
(1)This Subsection applies to windows, doors and skylights covered in the scope of AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440, "North American Fenestration Standard/Specification for windows, doors, and skylights" (Harmonized Standard).
(1)Manufactured and pre-assembled windows, doors and skylights and their installation shall conform to
- (a) AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440, "North American Fenestration Standard/Specification for windows, doors, and skylights" (Harmonized Standard),
- (b) CSA A440S1, "Canadian Supplement to AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440-17, North American Fenestration Standard/Specification for windows, doors, and skylights,"
- (c) the remainder of this Subsection, and
- (d) the applicable requirements in Subsection 9.7.6.
(1)Performance grades for windows, doors and skylights shall be selected according to CSA A440S1, "Canadian Supplement to AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440-17, North American Fenestration Standard/Specification for windows, doors, and skylights" so as to be appropriate for the conditions and geographic location in which the window, door or skylight will be installed.
(2)Windows, doors and skylights shall conform to the performance grades selected under Sentence (1) when tested in accordance with AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440, "North American Fenestration Standard/Specification for windows, doors, and skylights" (Harmonized Standard).
(3)The minimum level of performance required for windows, doors and skylights shall be that of the Performance Class R.
(4)Exterior wood doors shall conform to CAN/CSA-O132.2 Series, "Wood Flush Doors," and shall have legibly indicated on them
- (a) the name of the manufacturer,
- (b) the standard to which they were produced, and
- (c) that they are of an exterior type.
Site-Built Windows, Doors and Skylights
(1)Materials, design, construction and installation of windows, doors and skylights that separate conditioned space from unconditioned space or the exterior but that are not within the scope of AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440, "North American Fenestration Standard/Specification for windows, doors, and skylights," shall conform
- (a) to
- (i) the remainder of this Subsection or Subsection 9.7.4., and
- (ii) the applicable requirements in Subsection 9.7.6., or
- (b) to Part 5.
(2)Glass for site-built windows, doors, sidelights for doors, and skylights shall comply with Section 9.6.
(1)Except for exterior doors to garages and to other ancillary spaces, this Article applies to
- (a) swinging entrance doors to dwelling units,
- (b) swinging doors between dwelling units and attached garages or other ancillary spaces, and
- (c) swinging doors that provide access directly or indirectly from a storage garage to a dwelling unit.
(2)Doors, frames and hardware that conform to a security level of at least Grade 10 as described in the Annex to ASTM F476, "Standard Test Methods for Security of Swinging Door Assemblies," are not required to conform to Sentences (3) to (7). (See Note A-9.7.5.2.(2))
(3)Except as permitted in Sentence (2), wood doors as described in Sentence (1) shall
- (a) be solid core or stile-and-rail type,
- (b) be not less than 45 mm thick, and
- (c) if of the stile-and-rail type, have a panel thickness of not less than 19 mm, with a total panel area not more than half of the door area.
(4)Except as permitted in Sentence (2), doors described in Sentence (1) shall be provided with
- (a) a deadbolt lock with a cylinder having no fewer than 5 pins, and
- (b) a bolt throw not less than 25 mm long, protected with a solid or hardened free-turning ring or beveled cylinder housing.
(5)Except as permitted in Sentence (2), an inactive leaf in double doors used in locations specified in Sentence (1) shall be provided with heavy-duty bolts top and bottom having an engagement of not less than 15 mm.
(6)Except as permitted in Sentence (2), hinges for doors described in Sentence (1) shall be fastened
- (a) to wood doors with wood screws not less than 25 mm long and to wood frames with wood screws such that at least 2 screws per hinge penetrate not less than 30 mm into solid wood, or
- (b) to metal doors and metal frames with machine screws not smaller than No. 10 and not less than 10 mm long.
(7)Strikeplates for deadbolts described in Sentence (4) shall be fastened
- (a) to wood frames with wood screws that penetrate not less than 30 mm into solid wood, or
- (b) to metal frames with machine screws not smaller than No. 8 and not less than 10 mm long.
(8)Except for storm doors or screen doors, doors described in Sentence (1) that swing outward shall be provided with hinges or pins so that the doors cannot be removed when they are in the closed position. (See Note A-9.7.5.2.(8))
(9)Solid blocking shall be provided on both sides at the lock height between the jambs for doors described in Sentence (1) and the structural framing so that the jambs will resist spreading by force.
(1)In dwelling units, windows, any part of which is located within 2 m of adjacent ground level, shall conform to the requirements for resistance to forced entry as described in Clause 5.3.6 of AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440, "North American Fenestration Standard/Specification for windows, doors, and skylights." (See Note A-9.7.5.3.(1))
Installation
(1)The installation of windows, doors and skylights shall conform to CSA A440.4, "Window, door, and skylight installation," except that
- (a) shims used to support windows, doors and skylights are permitted to be made of treated plywood, and
- (b) protection from precipitation for walls incorporating windows or doors and for roofs incorporating skylights, and the interfaces of these walls with windows or doors and of roofs with skylights, shall also conform to Section 9.27.
(2)The installation of manufactured and pre-assembled windows, doors and skylights and the field assembly of manufactured window and door combination units shall conform to the manufacturer's instructions.
(3)Windows, doors and skylights shall be sealed to air barriers.
(1)The sealing compound used to seal the glass component of an insulating glazing unit to the sash component shall be compatible with the sealing compound used to edge seal the glass component.
(2)Flashing used to protect openings shall conform to Articles 9.27.3.7. and 9.27.3.8.
(3)Sealants shall be applied between window frames or trim and the exterior cladding or masonry in conformance with Subsection 9.27.4.
(4)All unfinished portions of the frame and other components of aluminum windows, doors or skylights in contact with the edges of masonry, concrete, stucco or plaster shall be protected with an alkali-resistant coating.